Bridging the user equilibrium and the system optimum in static traffic assignment: a review

Abstract Solving the road congestion problem is one of most pressing issues in modern cities since it causes time wasting, pollution, higher industrial costs and huge maintenance costs. Advances ITS technologies advent autonomous vehicles are changing mobility dramatically. They enable implementation a coordination mechanism, called coordinated traffic assignment, among sat-nav devices aiming at assigning paths to drivers eliminate reduce total travel networks. Among possible avoidance methods, assignment valuable choice does not involve investments expand network. Traffic assignments traditionally devoted two main perspectives on which well-known Wardropian principles inspired: user equilibrium system optimum. User user-driven each chooses convenient path selfishly. It guarantees that fairness users respected since, when reached, all sharing same origin destination will experience time. The drawback minimized and, hence, so-called Price Anarchy paid. On other hand, optimum an efficient system-wide routed network such way minimized, but might times than travelling from destination, affecting compliance. Thus, drawbacks implementing can be overcome by hybridizing approaches, bridging users’ efficiency. In last decades, significant number attempts have been done bridge efficiency assignments. survey reviews state-of-the-art these trade-off approaches.